Munich. The BMW Group continues the persistent
modernization of the work environment in the company’s production
areas. Innovative automation and state-of-the-art assistance systems
offer great potential for workstations. As a result, it will be
possible to further reduce ergonomically unfavourable and strenuous
tasks, giving workers an opportunity to apply their unique cognitive
skills to the best effect. While in the past, man and machine worked
in separated areas cordoned off by protective fences, the last few
years have changed this setup: modern lightweight robots, smart
devices and exoskeletons support workers as a direct part of people’s
work environment in production, making the production system leaner
and more adaptable.
Christian Dunckern, Head of BMW Group Production System, Planning,
Toolmaking and Plant Engineering: “The digitalization allows the BMW
Group to tap a growing range of options on how to advance the
production system in many respects. People are more than ever becoming
the designers of their own workplaces and can provide answers to the
questions of an increasingly complex automotive production.”
Purposeful application of assistance systems and lightweight
robots
The allocation of roles between workers and available tools is clear:
their high level of expertise, creative and cognitive skills make
humans ideally suited for tasks that focus on actual value creation,
specific precision work and quality management. Assistance systems, on
the other hand, support people in carrying out strenuous and
repetitive tasks that constitute a stereotypical strain. In
production, lightweight robots do not require any additional fixed
points and are relatively mobile in where they can be applied.
Moreover, they can work directly with people. As a rule, the
application of assistance systems is about finding reasonable
solutions for the respective purpose, always with the focus on the
specific benefit to be achieved.
Man and machine bringing together their respective strengths
As early as 2013, the BMW Group commissioned a first lightweight
robot that took its place among the workers at the assembly line of
BMW Group Plant Spartanburg in the USA. Miss Charlotte, as the line
crew calls their robot, is still in use mounting sound insulation to
doors, but many things have changed since. Today, over 40 lightweight
robots are in use at the BMW Group plants; a total of 60 will be in
operation by mid-year. They assume tasks that would be physically
strenuous for workers and often pose particular challenges due to the
high level of precision required and the repetitiveness involved.
At BMW Group Plant Dingolfing, for instance, a ceiling-mounted
lightweight robot in the axle transmission assembly lifts the bevel
gears, which may weigh up to 5.5 kilos, and fits them accurately
without any risk of damage to the gear wheels. In this production
area, workers and robots work together “hand in hand” in a confined
space without any safety fences. This collaboration gives people extra
time to carry out tasks better suited to their capabilities while the
lightweight robot applies exactly the force needed over a long period
of time. Safety sensors monitor the functions at all times and stop
the process immediately if an obstacle is detected.
Equally demanding is the application of the adhesive to the front
windows. What makes this task particularly challenging is that the
viscous adhesive must be spread over the large glass surface in one go
and without any fluctuation in film thickness. At BMW Group Plant
Leipzig, this task is carried out by a lightweight robot that works
directly at the line with the human workforce.
But lightweight robots are also becoming more common in areas in
which large robot facilities work behind safety fences. Their
flexibility, modest space requirements and high level of safety grant
people access to areas that used to be off-limits. Thanks to the broad
range of possible applications, lightweight robots open up new
potential in the field of traditional automation and give workers more
leeway to implement improvements.
Today, direct man-machine cooperation is also possible with the
traditional, large-scale industrial robots. In the transmission
installation unit at BMW Group Plant Regensburg, a worker leads a
large industrial robot to the screw bonding station. While a
laser-based system supports the process of placing the industrial
robot, the exact position is determined by the trained worker. The
idea for this application was developed by the on-site team itself.
Like in other use cases, safety is always the top priority: should a
person get too close to the robot while the latter gets into position,
state-of-the-art safety technology slows down the movement of the
robot arm, if needed to a total standstill, before any danger can
arise. Due to the high forces required in the screw bonding process,
this particular task cannot be assigned to a lightweight robot.
Digital production assistants to strengthen workers
Up until the beginning of the new millennium, phones were primarily
used for making actual phone calls. Today, they fulfil a great variety
of functions. And just like our everyday living environment changes,
so does the working environment in production.
Work gloves are fitted with barcode scanners on the back of the hand
to omit the cumbersome steps of picking up the scanner, scanning an
object and putting the device back. The scan process is now triggered
by the worker pushing a button on the index finger with the thumb.
This way, individual production processes can be improved and
accelerated, leading to improvements in process quality and
occupational ergonomics. 230 of these innovative work gloves will be
in use at the BMW Group before the end of the year.
Another example is the use of augmented reality applications on smart
devices such as tablet computers, on which the image of a component
can be overlaid with virtual specifications. The tablet computer then
compares and evaluates the actual and target states, allowing the
worker to determine whether the part matches the target requirements
and identify and resolve potential issues early on. Augmented reality
applications are applied at the BMW Group in early-phase concept
validations, initial sampling inspections and tool acceptances at
suppliers as well as in the maintenance of running systems.
Innovative exoskeletons worn directly on the body can act like a
second skeleton, i.e. as an external support structure for the body.
The BMW Group uses both upper-body and lower-body exoskeletons. The
exoskeleton vest for the upper body strengthens the movement of the
upper arms of people who have to carry out tedious tasks. The vest’s
joints have an integrated mechanical spring support that gives arms
greater strength. 24 of these exoskeleton vests are currently in use
in the series production of BMW Group Plant Spartanburg; 44 more will
be added over the course of the year.
Lower-body exoskeletons can be found in the production areas of
several BMW Group plants in Germany. Acting as a chair-type support,
this kind of exoskeleton improves workers’ posture and offers relief
in carrying out assembly tasks that require crouching or remaining in
other positions that might affect people’s health. On top of that, the
leg support structure can transform prolonged standing into sitting
and thus improve the comfort and flexibility of working conditions.
The exoskeleton consists of movable splints that can be affixed to the
legs or torso and locked in different positions. At present, the BMW
Group’s German plants use a total of 11 lower-body exoskeletons.
Efficiency and effectiveness at the workplace – more room for
creativity
The BMW Group aims to ensure an efficient, stable and flexible
production. At the same time, the company pursues the goals of
assigning staff according to people’s individual strengths and
capabilities and of developing the work environment further. Being
spared particularly strenuous activities, workers have the time and
energy to tackle more demanding and creative tasks.
Christian Dunckern: “In the time of smart devices and digitalization,
we must still keep an eye on the added value the applied technology
offers to the company. Nobody is better qualified to judge this than
the people who actively shape our production system on a daily basis.
This way, technology at the BMW Group actually serves the people and
expands their creativity and efficiency.”